
Puerto Maldonado

The ramshackle jungle town of Puerto Maldonado is the capital of the Madre de Dios department – and an unlikely traveler destination. Hard to get to by land, rarely served by river passenger ferries and sequestered away in the far southeastern sector of Peru’s vast jungle territory, this bustling boomtown nonetheless receives a constant stream of visitors who flock here on the daily flight from Lima via Cuzco. The reason? Some of the most unspoilt yet accessible jungle locales in the country, served by some excellent accommodation options for travelers who want just a touch of luxury. Puerto Maldonado gives the traveler the chance to see, feel and hear the Amazonian jungle like nowhere else in Peru.
The town itself has been important over the years for rubber, logging and even for gold and oil prospecting, and its role as a crossroads is about to take on even greater dimensions as the interoceanic highway linking the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean via Brazil and Peru slowly takes shape. Few travelers stay long in Puerto Maldonado, though its languid, relaxing ambience certainly invites you to linger and there are enough distractions to keep you occupied for a day or two.
The Amazon
As you head southeast from the Andes, dry scrubland grows more lush, turning into almost impenetrable jungle long before you ever reach the Amazon. This huge, wild region, which Colombians call Amazonia, accounts for a third of the country's total area - it's about the size of California and larger than Germany. Biologists will probably never finish cataloging the region's dizzying array of flora and fauna. Likewise, visitors can never quite account for the strange exhilaration they feel when they come face-to-face with the rainforest for the first time.
With transportation largely limited to the rivers that crisscross the jungle, indigenous peoples have in many cases been able to preserve their cultures more or less intact. The region remains an ethnic and linguistic mosaic, with more than 50 languages (not counting dialects) belonging to some 10 linguistic families.
Unfortunately, isolation has made Amazonia a hotbed for cultivation of the coca plant, and the processing of its leaves into cocaine. It's an ideal base for leftist rebels. In many areas of the Caquete and Putumayo departments, they run what amounts to a state within a state supported by proceeds from the region's drug trade. These regions are off-limits to outsiders.
Fortunately, you can safely visit the Amazon itself by flying directly to Leticia, a town that sits on the banks of the great river - and is right at the borders with Brazil and Peru. It occupies a quirky strip of land that penetrates the territories of the other two countries, and that in fact was not part of Colombia until the three nations signed a treaty in 1922. From here you can venture up and down the river or strike out into the surrounding rainforest.
Text from lonelyplanet.com